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Skills Covered

  • Count back to subtract on a number line
  • Think addition to subtract (8 + ___ = 15)
  • Write the four facts of a fact family
  • Get to 10 first to subtract (13 − 3 − 2)
  • Subtract with pictures in ten frames
  • Find a missing number within 20
  • Understand the equal sign as "the same as"
  • Decide if an equation is true or false
  • Find the unknown in any spot (□ − 4 = 6)
  • Subtraction facts to 20
  • Add and subtract facts mixed
  • Solve a follow-the-arrows number puzzle

How to Use This Pack

Seven pages for one unit on subtraction to 20 and the equal sign. Page 1 is a pre-check to give before the unit, to see what students already know: counting back and taking away within 10, a small fact family, missing numbers, numbers around 10, and the addition facts subtraction builds on. Pages 2 and 3 are a review to do together before the test, with a tip on every question. Pages 4 and 5 are the unit test, Form A. Pages 6 and 7 are Form B: the same questions in the same order with different numbers, for a retake, a make-up or a second seating. Each form has 12 questions, one point each, and a Score line on its first page.

In the Classroom

Give the pre-check on the first day of the unit and sort the class by what they missed. Do the review the day before the test, reading the tips aloud. On the test, question 8 (the balance) and question 9 (true or false) check the meaning of the equal sign; have counters or a pan balance ready for students who want to build it. The answer keys name each question's skill, so a missed question points to the lesson to reteach.

At Home

Use the review as practice before a test at school, or Form B as a check after the unit. Read each question aloud with your child, and ask them to explain how they found each answer: did they count back, think addition or get to 10 first?

Tips for Success

  • Read the questions aloud for students who are still learning to read
  • Counting back works best for taking away 1, 2, 3 or 4
  • To subtract 9 or 8, think addition: 8 and what make 15?
  • The equal sign means both sides are the same, not "the answer comes next"
  • Use Form B as a retake after reteaching what was missed

Common Core Standards Alignment

This pack supports the following Common Core State Standards for Mathematics:

  • K.OA.A.1 Show adding and taking away in many ways: fingers, objects, pictures, sounds, acting out, words, or number sentences.
  • 1.OA.B.4 Treat subtraction as finding a missing addend: to solve 12 - 9, ask what added to 9 makes 12.
  • 1.OA.C.5 Connect counting with adding and subtracting, such as adding 4 by counting on four more.
  • 1.OA.C.6 Add and subtract to 20, working fluently within 10, with strategies like counting on, making ten, fact families and doubles plus one.
  • 1.OA.D.7 Know the equal sign means both sides have the same value, and decide whether addition and subtraction equations hold true.
  • 1.OA.D.8 Solve for the missing number in adding or subtracting equations like 9 + ? = 15 or ? - 4 = 6.

© Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved.

1st Grade Subtraction and Equal Sign Test

1st Grade

A unit test for subtraction to 20 and the equal sign in 1st grade: a one-page pre-check, a two-page review with a tip on every question, and the unit test in two forms (A and B) that ask the same questions with different numbers. Students count back on a number line, think addition to subtract, write fact families, get to 10 first to subtract, cross out pictures in ten frames, find missing numbers, balance both sides of an equal sign, decide if equations are true or false, find the unknown in any spot, subtract and add facts to 20, and solve a follow-the-arrows number puzzle. Every question is on a 1st grade Common Core standard. Answer keys name the skill and standard of every question.

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What’s Included

  • A one-page pre-check (7 questions)
  • A two-page review with a tip on every question
  • The unit test in two forms, A and B (12 questions each)
  • Answer keys that name each question's skill and standard (14 pages in all)
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